问题 综合

读大气对地面的保温作用示意图,回答下列各题(4分)

(1)图中字母表示短波辐射的是_____________。

(2)大气对太阳辐射的吸收具有_____________性。

(3)图中字母__________是大气的主要热源和直接热源。

(4)多云的夜间气温较晴朗的夜晚要高,是因为图中字母___________表示的作用强。

答案

(1)A

(2)选择

(3)D

(4)C

本题考查大气的受热过程和大气的保温作用。大气对太阳辐射的吸收:具有选择性(大气中的臭氧和氧原子主要吸收紫外线;水汽和二氧化碳主要吸收红外线),而对太阳辐射中能量最强的可见光吸收很少,太阳辐射不是大气的主要直接热源。地面辐射:为长波辐射,除少部分透过大气返回宇宙空间外,绝大部分为大气中的水汽和二氧化碳吸收,因此,地面是低层大气主要的直接热源。大气逆辐射:大气在增温的同时,也向外放出红外辐射,也是长波辐射,其大部分辐射向地面,称大气逆辐射,补充地面热量的损失,对地面起到了保温作用。

(1)图中字母A为太阳辐射,B为大气辐射,C为大气逆辐射,D为地面辐射。则表示短波辐射的是A。

(2)本题考查大气对太阳辐射的削弱作用。大气对太阳辐射的吸收具有选择性。

(3)图中字母D地面辐射是大气的主要热源和直接热源。

(4)多云的夜间气温较晴朗的夜晚要高,是因为图中字母C大气逆辐射表示的作用强。

单项选择题
阅读理解

The desire to make explorations is born with man. Wherever his imagination goes, man also has a strong wish to go. A large part of human history is connected with the exploration of the world in which we live. Again and again people have set out with surprising courage and patience to look into unknown regions and lands to see what had not yet been seen, to make known the unknown. With kites, balloons and aircraft they left the ground to pass through the lower atmosphere. Now the outer space receives their attention.

Why should man take the trouble of exploring space? It is hard to list the specific practical benefits that will result in. But one knows, from past experience in other areas, that man will surely see and discover new things in space that will increase our scientific knowledge, and this new knowledge will find its way into valuable practical uses. What we learn about man himself, from his experience in space, and from the effects of space and the space flight environment on him, will be extremely valuable. The new techniques developed to carry out the exploration of space, and to keep man alive in space, will certainly find practical uses in everyday life in some way. The areas that will benefit are manifold. They include communication, generation of power, transportation and travel, food production, materials, fuels and many others. But to say exactly what the practical results will be is almost impossible.

1. The main idea of the first paragraph is that __________.

A. man often goes wherever his dreams go

B. man desires to explore what is unknown

C. man is no longer interested in the study of the land and sea now

D. man's history is his exploration of the world

2. The word "manifold" in the second paragraph probably means ________ .

A. of value       B. of use       C. in a way      D. in many ways

3. The author seems to be in favor of ____.

A. the exploration of space

B. doubting the necessity of the space exploration

C. exploring more in space than in sea         

D. his experience in space

4. In the last sentence of paragraph 2 ,the phrase "practical results" refers to the results ______.

A. that can be made use of

B. that can be learned as knowledge

C. that are obtained from experience         

D. helping us make further exploration